Armstrong liquid bridge: Formation, evolution and breakup

In this paper, we experimentally explore the formation, evolution and breakup of Armstrong liquid bridge. The extremely complicated stage is revealed, which involves many coupled processes including morphology change, current variation, heat transfer, water evaporation. By focusing on final fate bridge, observe that occurs once an effective length ($\tilde{L}$) reached. This increases linearly with applied voltage, implying a threshold electric field to sustain Moreover, by introduced external flow, lifetime bridge can be controlled, while associated independent flow rate. Hence, these findings remarkably demonstrate directly correlated length. order understand correlation, simplified model electrified jet employed take into account. linear stability analysis, attained phase diagram agrees experiments well. Although more comprehensive theory required consider other factors such as surface charges, results might provide fresh perspective ``century-old" further elucidate its underlying physical mechanism.